Densities of Common Materials
Different materials have different densities based on their composition and structure. For example, metals generally have high densities due to the close packing of metal atoms, while gases have low densities because their particles are more spread out.
The following table provides a list of density values for common materials at standard room temperature (approximately 20°C or 68°F) and 1 atmospheric (atm) pressure. (1 atm = 101,325 Pa)
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| Air | 1.293 |
| Aluminum | 2700 |
| Brass | 8730 |
| Bronze | 8700 |
| Carbon Steel | 7850 |
| Cast Iron | 6800 - 7800 |
| Cement | 1440 |
| Concrete | 2400 - 2600 |
| Copper | 8960 |
| Diamond | 3510 |
| Glass | 2500 - 2800 |
| Gold | 19320 |
| Granite | 2600 - 2800 |
| Gypsum | 2200 - 2320 |
| Ice (at 0°C) | 917 |
| Iron | 7870 |
| Lead | 11340 |
| Limestone | 2100 - 2760 |
| Mercury | 13546 |
| Nickel | 8900 |
| Nylon | 1140 |
| Oak | 600 - 900 |
| Oil | 700 - 950 |
| Pine | 350 - 600 |
| Platinum | 21450 |
| Polyethylene | 900 - 960 |
| Polystyrene | 960 - 1050 |
| Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) | 1160 - 1550 |
| Quartz | 2200 - 2700 |
| Rubber | 920 - 1150 |
| Sand | 1600 - 1700 |
| Silicon | 2330 |
| Silver | 10490 |
| Snow | 70 - 300 |
| Stainless Steel | 7500 - 8000 |
| Styrofoam | 75 - 100 |
| Tin | 7300 |
| Titanium | 4500 |
| Water | 998 |
The density values in this table are approximate and can vary depending on factors such as temperature, pressure, and impurities in the materials.
Related Tables
References: 1) Cardarelli, François. Materials Handbook: A Concise Desktop Reference. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing, 2018. 2) CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 97th Edition. United Kingdom: CRC Press, 2016-2017. 3) Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA): The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).