SAE/AISI 1039 Carbon Steel (UNS G10390)
SAE/AISI 1039 steel offers a good balance of strength, toughness, and wear resistance. It is commonly used in applications requiring moderate to high strength, such as gears, shafts, studs, bolts, and other components that undergo moderate stress.
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| Chemical Composition | ||
|---|---|---|
| Element | Min | Max |
| Iron | 98.47% | 98.94% |
| Carbon | 0.36% | 0.44% |
| Manganese | 0.70% | 1.00% |
| Phosphorous | —— | 0.04% |
| Sulfur | —— | 0.05% |
The following table provides a list of SAE/AISI 1039 properties in both SI and US customary/Imperial units.
Click on the button to switch between Metric and Imperial units.
| Physical Properties | Metric |
|---|---|
| Density | 7845 kg/m3 |
| Mechanical Properties | Metric |
| Tensile Strength (Ultimate) | 605 MPa |
| Tensile Strength (Yield) | 510 MPa |
| Young’s Modulus (E) | 190 - 210 GPa |
| Bulk Modulus (K) | 140 GPa |
| Shear Modulus (G) | 80 GPa |
| Elongation at Break | 12% |
| Poisson’s Ratio (ν) | 0.27 - 0.30 |
| Brinell Hardness | 179 |
| Thermal Properties | Metric |
| Thermal Conductivity | 51 W/m·K |
| Specific Heat Capacity (Cp) | 470 J/kg·K |
| Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (αL) | 1.2×10-5 1/°C |
| Electrical Properties | Metric |
| Electrical Conductivity | 4.1×106 S/m |
| Electrical Resistivity | 2.4×10-7 Ω·m |
The values in this table are approximate and can vary depending on various factors such as the specific manufacturing process and heat treatment applied to the alloy.
Advantages & Disadvantages of 1039 Carbon Steel
| Advantages | Disadvantages |
|---|---|
| Good strength | Limited corrosion resistance |
| Good wear resistance | Lower toughness |
| Good machinability | Limited heat resistance |
| Cost-effective |
Applications of 1039 Carbon Steel
SAE/AISI 1039 carbon steel is widely used in industries requiring materials with good strength and machinability. Its versatility is reflected in its numerous applications, including:
- Shafts and axles: This steel’s combination of strength and wear resistance makes it suitable for shafts and axles exposed to heavy loads and wear.
- Gears and gear components: The material’s strength and wear resistance make it ideal for gears that undergo high forces and friction.
- Fasteners: Often used in the production of fasteners, including bolts, screws, and studs, due to its reliable strength.
- Machine parts: It is used to make various machine parts, such as couplings, bushings, and spindles, thanks to its strength and machinability.
- Automotive components: Suitable for automotive parts like crankshafts, camshafts, and steering components.
- Agricultural equipment: Commonly used in farming machinery, including tillage tools, plowshares, and harrow teeth.
- Construction equipment: Certain construction equipment components such as pins, bushings, and couplings benefit from the strength of this steel.