Diamond
Diamond is a naturally occurring precious gemstone and a form of carbon. It is renowned for its exceptional hardness, making it the hardest known natural material. The unique crystal lattice structure of diamonds gives them their remarkable durability and brilliance.
The following table provides a comprehensive list of diamond properties in both SI and US customary/Imperial units at normal temperature and pressure (NTP).
Note: click on the icon to switch between Metric and Imperial units.
| Physical Properties | Metric |
|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | C |
| Molar Mass | 12.011 g/mol |
| Crystal System | Cubic |
| Density | 3510 kg/m3 |
| Diaphaneity | Transparent to translucent |
| Luster | Adamantine |
| Cleavage | 111 (perfect in four directions) |
| Fracture | Irregular/Uneven |
| Streak | Colorless |
| Mechanical Properties | Metric |
| Young’s Modulus (E) | 700 - 1200 GPa |
| Bulk Modulus (K) | 700 - 1200 GPa |
| Compressive Strength | 8.68 - 16.53 GPa |
| Poissons Ratio (ν) | 0.10 - 0.29 |
| Mohs Hardness | 10 |
| Thermal Properties | Metric |
| Thermal Conductivity | 2000 W/m·K |
| Specific Heat Capacity (Cp) | 510 J/kg·K |
| Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (αL) | 1.18×10-6 1/°C |
| Electrical Properties | Metric |
| Relative Permittivity (@1 MHz) (εr) | 5.5 - 5.7 |
| Electrical Resistivity | 1e13 - 1e16 Ω·cm |
| Dielectric Field Strength (Ed) | 1000 kV/mm |
| Optical Properties | Metric |
| Refractive Index (589 nm) | 2.419 |
Note: unless stated otherwise, all values are taken at room temperature (approximately 20°C or 68°F) and 1 atm pressure. (1 atm = 101,325 Pa)
Related Pages
References: 1) Cardarelli, François. Materials Handbook: A Concise Desktop Reference. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing, 2018. 2) CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 97th Edition. United Kingdom: CRC Press, 2016-2017.