Graphite

Graphite is a form of carbon that consists of a crystalline structure where carbon atoms are arranged in layers. It is known for its distinct physical properties, including its lubricating feel, slippery texture, and good electrical conductivity.

The following table provides a comprehensive list of graphite properties in both SI and US customary/Imperial units at normal temperature and pressure (NTP).

Note: click on the icon to switch between Metric and Imperial units.

Table of Graphite Properties
Physical Properties
Metric
Chemical FormulaC
Molar Mass12.011 g/mol
Crystal SystemHexagonal
Density2250 kg/m3
ColorIron-black to steel-gray, deep blue in transmitted light
DiaphaneityOpaque
LusterMetallic, earthy
CleavageBasal - perfect on {0001}
FractureFlaky, otherwise rough when not on cleavage
StreakBlack
Mechanical PropertiesMetric
Young’s Modulus (E)8 - 15 GPa
Mohs Hardness1.0 - 2.0
Thermal PropertiesMetric
Melting Point3650 °C
Specific Heat Capacity (Cp)720 J/kg·K
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (αL)6.0×10-7 - 4.3×10-6 1/°C
Critical ConstantsMetric
Critical Temperature (Tc)4492 °C
Critical Pressure (Pc)10.3 MPa

Note: unless stated otherwise, all values are taken at room temperature (approximately 20°C or 68°F) and 1 atm pressure. (1 atm = 101,325 Pa)

References: 1) Cardarelli, François. Materials Handbook: A Concise Desktop Reference. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing, 2018. 2) CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 97th Edition. United Kingdom: CRC Press, 2016-2017.