Graphite
Graphite is a form of carbon that consists of a crystalline structure where carbon atoms are arranged in layers. It is known for its distinct physical properties, including its lubricating feel, slippery texture, and good electrical conductivity.
The following table provides a comprehensive list of graphite properties in both SI and US customary/Imperial units at normal temperature and pressure (NTP).
Note: click on the button to switch between Metric and Imperial units.
| Physical Properties | Metric |
|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | C |
| Molar Mass | 12.011 g/mol |
| Crystal System | Hexagonal |
| Density | 2250 kg/m3 |
| Color | Iron-black to steel-gray, deep blue in transmitted light |
| Diaphaneity | Opaque |
| Luster | Metallic, earthy |
| Cleavage | Basal - perfect on {0001} |
| Fracture | Flaky, otherwise rough when not on cleavage |
| Streak | Black |
| Mechanical Properties | Metric |
| Young’s Modulus (E) | 8 - 15 GPa |
| Mohs Hardness | 1.0 - 2.0 |
| Thermal Properties | Metric |
| Melting Point | 3650 °C |
| Specific Heat Capacity (Cp) | 720 J/kg·K |
| Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (αL) | 6.0×10-7 - 4.3×10-6 1/°C |
| Critical Constants | Metric |
| Critical Temperature (Tc) | 4492 °C |
| Critical Pressure (Pc) | 10.3 MPa |
Note: unless stated otherwise, all values are taken at room temperature (approximately 20°C or 68°F) and 1 atm pressure. (1 atm = 101,325 Pa)
References: 1) Cardarelli, François. Materials Handbook: A Concise Desktop Reference. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing, 2018. 2) CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 97th Edition. United Kingdom: CRC Press, 2016-2017.