SAE/AISI 4037 Alloy Steel (UNS G40370)
SAE/AISI 4037 steel is a low-alloy, high-strength material known for its excellent toughness and wear resistance. It is commonly employed in automotive and industrial machinery components such as gears, shafts, and axles, where durability and reliable performance under demanding conditions are essential.
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| Chemical Composition | ||
|---|---|---|
| Element | Min | Max |
| Iron | 97.98% | 98.60% |
| Carbon | 0.35% | 0.40% |
| Manganese | 0.70% | 0.90% |
| Molybdenum | 0.20% | 0.30% |
| Phosphorous | —— | 0.035% |
| Silicon | 0.15% | 0.35% |
| Sulfur | —— | 0.04% |
The following table provides a list of SAE/AISI 4037 properties in both SI and US customary/Imperial units.
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| Physical Properties | Metric |
|---|---|
| Density | 7850 kg/m3 |
| Mechanical Properties | Metric |
| Young’s Modulus (E) | 190 - 210 GPa |
| Bulk Modulus (K) | 140 GPa |
| Shear Modulus (G) | 80 GPa |
| Poisson’s Ratio (ν) | 0.27 - 0.30 |
| Brinell Hardness | 196 |
| Thermal Properties | Metric |
| Thermal Conductivity | 48 W/m·K |
| Specific Heat Capacity (Cp) | 470 J/kg·K |
| Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (αL) | 1.3×10-5 1/°C |
| Electrical Properties | Metric |
| Electrical Conductivity | 4.12×106 S/m |
| Electrical Resistivity | 2.43×10-7 Ω·m |
The values in this table are approximate and can vary depending on various factors such as the specific manufacturing process and heat treatment applied to the alloy.
Advantages & Disadvantages of 4037 Alloy Steel
| Advantages | Disadvantages |
|---|---|
| High strength and toughness | Limited corrosion resistance |
| Good wear resistance | Relatively low hardenability |
| Excellent fatigue resistance | Susceptible to cracking during welding |
| Good machinability | Limited availability in certain regions |
| Cost-effective compared to some high-alloy steels | Requires proper heat treatment for optimal properties |
Applications of 4037 Alloy Steel
AISI 4037 steel is utilized across diverse industries due to its superior mechanical properties, including strength and fatigue resistance, in applications such as:desirable properties. Here are some common applications of 4037 steel:
- Gears and Shafts: High strength, toughness, and wear resistance make it ideal for power transmission components.
- Automotive Parts: Used in manufacturing axles, crankshafts, and connecting rods, ensuring reliable performance under stress.
- Machine Parts: Suitable for bolts, nuts, studs, and fasteners requiring strength and durability due to its good machinability.
- Springs: Excellent fatigue resistance enables use in coil and leaf springs subjected to repeated loading.
- Tooling and Die Making: Its toughness and wear resistance support production of cutting tools, dies, and punches.
- Construction Machinery: Components like crane hooks, pins, and bushings benefit from its ability to withstand heavy loads and harsh conditions.
- Railroad Components: Employed in axles, wheel sets, and couplings to ensure durability and performance in demanding environments.