SAE/AISI 1078 Carbon Steel (UNS G10780)
SAE/AISI 1078 is a high-carbon steel known for its excellent strength, hardness, and wear resistance. This alloy is commonly used in demanding applications requiring mechanical performance and durability, including springs, hand tools, automotive components, and industrial machinery.
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| Chemical Composition | ||
|---|---|---|
| Element | Min | Max |
| Iron | 98.46% | 98.98% |
| Carbon | 0.72% | 0.85% |
| Manganese | 0.30% | 0.60% |
| Phosphorous | —— | 0.04% |
| Sulfur | —— | 0.05% |
The following table provides a list of SAE/AISI 1078 properties in both SI and US customary/Imperial units.
Click on the button to switch between Metric and Imperial units.
| Physical Properties | Metric |
|---|---|
| Density | 7850 kg/m3 |
| Mechanical Properties | Metric |
| Tensile Strength (Ultimate) | 650 - 780 MPa |
| Tensile Strength (Yield) | 430 - 570 MPa |
| Young’s Modulus (E) | 190 - 210 GPa |
| Bulk Modulus (K) | 140 GPa |
| Shear Modulus (G) | 80 GPa |
| Elongation at Break | 10 - 14% |
| Poisson’s Ratio (ν) | 0.27 - 0.30 |
| Brinell Hardness | 190 - 230 |
| Thermal Properties | Metric |
| Thermal Conductivity | 48 W/m·K |
| Specific Heat Capacity (Cp) | 470 J/kg·K |
| Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (αL) | 1.15×10-5 1/°C |
| Electrical Properties | Metric |
| Electrical Conductivity | 4.1×106 S/m |
| Electrical Resistivity | 2.4×10-7 Ω·m |
The values in this table are approximate and can vary depending on various factors such as the specific manufacturing process and heat treatment applied to the alloy.
Advantages & Disadvantages of 1078 Carbon Steel
| Advantages | Disadvantages |
|---|---|
| High strength | Limited corrosion resistance |
| Good wear resistance | Lower toughness |
| Good machinability | Limited weldability |
| Cost-effective |
Applications of 1078 Carbon Steel
1078 carbon steel is commonly used in various applications that require high strength, durability, and good wear resistance. Key applications include:
- Springs: Frequently used in the manufacturing of coil springs, flat springs, and leaf springs.
- Hand Tools: Employed in the production of wrenches, hammers, chisels, and screwdrivers due to its strength and wear resistance.
- Automotive Components: Common in clutch springs, suspension springs, and torsion bars.
- Machinery Components: Utilized in gears, shafts, couplings, and sprockets requiring high strength and durability.
- Agricultural Equipment: Found in tillage tools, plow blades, cultivator tines, and harrow teeth.
- Fasteners: Used in manufacturing bolts, screws, studs, and rivets due to its high strength and machinability.
- Construction and Structural Applications: Occasionally used in beams, columns, and supports where high strength and toughness are needed.