Properties of Basalt
Basalt is a common type of igneous rock that forms from the solidification of lava. It is typically dark-colored, fine-grained, and rich in minerals like plagioclase feldspar and pyroxene. Basalt is often associated with volcanic activity and can be found in various geological settings, including oceanic crust, volcanic islands, and continental flood basalt provinces. It is known for its durability and is often used in construction and as a decorative stone.
The following table provides a list of basalt properties in both SI and US customary/Imperial units at normal temperature and pressure (NTP).
Click on the icon to switch between Metric and Imperial units.
| Physical Properties | Metric |
|---|---|
| Density | 2800 - 3200 kg/m3 |
| Porosity | 0.1 - 1.0% |
| Mechanical Properties | Metric |
| Young’s Modulus (E) | 60 - 100 GPa |
| Tensile Strength | 10 - 30 MPa |
| Compressive Strength | 110 - 340 MPa |
| Modulus of Rupture | 14 - 55 MPa |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 4.0 - 6.5 |
| Thermal Properties | Metric |
| Thermal Conductivity | 0.8 - 2.9 W/m·K |
| Specific Heat Capacity (Cp) | 340 - 1260 J/kg·K |
| Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (αL) | 5.4×10-6 1/°C |
Unless stated otherwise, all values are taken at room temperature (approximately 20°C or 68°F) and 1 atm pressure. (1 atm = 101,325 Pa)