Crystal Structure of Pure Metals
Pure metals have a crystal structure that is made up of a repeating pattern of atoms. The atoms in the crystal structure are arranged in a specific way, which gives the metal its unique properties.
There are several different types of crystal structures that pure metals can have, including:
- Body-Centered Cubic (bcc): In a bcc structure, each atom is positioned at the corners of a cube and one atom is located in the center of the cube. This structure is seen in metals like iron and tungsten.
- Face-Centered Cubic (fcc): In an fcc structure, atoms are located at the corners and at the center of each face of a cube. This structure is found in metals like aluminum, copper, and gold.
- Hexagonal Close-Packed (hcp): hcp structures consist of closely packed layers of atoms arranged in a hexagonal pattern. Metals like titanium and magnesium have an HCP structure.
The following table provides a comprehensive list of crystal structures for pure metals.
| Actinium (Ac) | fcc |
| Aluminum (Al) | fcc |
| Antimony (Sb) | rhombic |
| Barium (Ba) | bcc |
| Beryllium (Be) | hcp |
| Bismuth (Bi) | rhombic |
| Cadmium (Cd) | hcp |
| Calcium (Ca) | fcc |
| Cerium (Ce) | dhcp |
| Cesium (Cs) | bcc |
| Chromium (Cr) | bcc |
| Cobalt (Co) | hcp |
| Copper (Cu) | fcc |
| Dysprosium (Dy) | hcp |
| Erbium (Er) | hcp |
| Europium (Eu) | bcc |
| Gadolinium (Gd) | hcp |
| Gallium (Ga) | orthorhombic |
| Gold (Au) | fcc |
| Hafnium (Hf) | hcp |
| Holmium (Ho) | hcp |
| Indium (In) | tetragonal |
| Iridium (Ir) | fcc |
| Iron (Fe) | bcc |
| Lanthanum (La) | dhcp |
| Lead (Pb) | fcc |
| Lithium (Li) | bcc |
| Lutetium (Lu) | hcp |
| Magnesium (Mg) | hcp |
| Manganese (Mn) | cubic |
| Mercury (Hg) | rhombic |
| Molybdenum (Mo) | bcc |
| Neodymium (Nd) | dhcp |
| Neptunium (Np) | orthorhombic |
| Nickel (Ni) | fcc |
| Niobium (Nb) | bcc |
| Osmium (Os) | hcp |
| Palladium (Pd) | fcc |
| Platinum (Pt) | fcc |
| Plutonium (Pu) | monoclinic |
| Polonium (Po) | cubic |
| Potassium (K) | bcc |
| Praseodymium (Pr) | dhcp |
| Promethium (Pm) | dhcp |
| Protactinium (Pa) | tetragonal |
| Radium (Ra) | bcc |
| Rhenium (Re) | hcp |
| Rhodium (Rh) | fcc |
| Rubidium (Rb) | bcc |
| Ruthenium (Ru) | hcp |
| Samarium (Sm) | rhombic |
| Scandium (Sc) | hcp |
| Silver (Ag) | fcc |
| Sodium (Na) | bcc |
| Strontium (Sr) | fcc |
| Tantalum (Ta) | bcc |
| Technetium (Tc) | hcp |
| Terbium (Tb) | hcp |
| Thallium (Tl) | hcp |
| Thorium (Th) | fcc |
| Thulium (Tm) | hcp |
| Tin (Sn) | tetragonal |
| Titanium (Ti) | hcp |
| Tungsten (W) | bcc |
| Uranium (U) | orthorhombic |
| Vanadium (V) | bcc |
| Ytterbium (Yb) | hcp |
| Yttrium (Y) | hcp |
| Zinc (Zn) | hcp |
| Zirconium (Zr) | hcp |
References: 1) Cardarelli, François. Materials Handbook: A Concise Desktop Reference. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing, 2018. 2) CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 97th Edition. United Kingdom: CRC Press, 2016-2017. 3) A.M. Howatson, P.G. Lun, J.D. Todd, P.D. Engineering Tables and Data. United Kingdom: University of Oxford, Department of Engineering Science, 2009.